Bhutan refuses third country intervention KOSH RAJ KOIRALA
KATHMANDU, April 17: Bhutan has refused any intervention from India or any other third country in resolving the problem of Bhutanese refugees living in various camps in eastern Nepal for over two decades.
Visiting Bhutanese Prime Minister Jigmi Y Thinley has even refused to acknowledge that the 108,000-plus people who began living in eastern Nepal in the early 1990s after being evicted from Southern Bhutan as refugees. He termed them “people in the refugee camps.” As to whether there is a role for third country in the negotiation between Nepal and Bhutan, Thinley said, “I think not.”
Speaking at a press conference before wrapping up his three-day official visit to Nepal on Saturday, Thinley argued that there is no point in seeking India´s role in resolving the Bhutanese refugee problems just because India facilitated “people in the refugee camps” to travel through its territory to Nepal.
“We [Nepal and India] have a special arrangement with India whereby citizens of our countries enjoy the freedom of movement through India. But that does not mean India has a role and responsibility in finding a solution,” he further said.
Thinley said people living in various seven refugee camps in south eastern Nepal are not refugees from Bhutan. “They are economic refugees; they are environmental refugees; they are refugees of political instability. And they are refugees of victims of circumstances that are beyond their control,” he said. “But I maintain that the question of whether they are refugees from Bhutan is a subject of discussion. It is not that simple.”
Thinley, however, said Bhutan has offered to resume bilateral talks stalled since 2003 with Nepal to resolve the issue. “The identities and backgrounds of these people are yet to be decided upon, settled, studied and investigated. And that is as I said is the essence of our discussions,” he said. “We are hopeful that we will be able to establish an environment within which a speedy resolution to the dignified settlement of the people in the camps will be found through bilateral process.”
“As to when we will hold our discussions will be a subject that will be settled through the bilateral process between out two countries. This should happen sooner than later,” he further said.
A ministerial joint committee of the two countries formed to resolve the refugee problem last held its 15th meeting in the Bhutanese capital, Thimphu on October 20-23, 2003.
Thinley claimed that Bhutan never expelled its citizens and that a few citizens in collusion with illegal immigrants had chosen to leave the country. “… Democratic Bhutan can not think so. Such a situation is unthinkable,” he said while brushing aside media reports that Bhutan government is planning to evict additional 80,000 people from Bhutan. “We have a democracy. And we have a government that believes in equity and justice.”
The UN refugee agency with the support of International Organisation for Migration initiated third country resettlement program in 2007 after repeated round of dialogues between Nepal and Bhutan failed to resolve the crisis.
A total 44,592 refugees have left for third country settlement to eight countries as of March 31. Of them, 37,804 chose to settle in the US and 2,585 to Canada. Likewise, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Denmark and UK have accepted 2,454, 552, 373, 484 and 111, respectively.
Thinley also lauded the western countries for offering third country resettlement choice to “people living in refugee camps”. “I think it is indeed a reflection of the commitment of those industrialized and developed countries that speak of human rights. It is a great humanitarian assistance that these countries have demonstrated,” he said.
MY REPUBLICA..................................
Nepal-Bhutan agree to revise air service agreement
REPUBLICA
KATHMANDU, April 16: Nepal and Bhutan have agreed in principle to revise Air Service Agreement (ASA) reached between the two countries in the past.
The two sides reached an agreement to this effect during a meeting between between Prime Minister Jhalanath Khanal and his Bhutanese counterpart Jigme Y Thinley on Friday, according to prime minister´s foreign relations advisor Milan Raj Tuladhar.
Speaking at a press conference before wrapping up his three-day official visit to Nepal, Thinley said they have agreed to renew the air service agreement which will include among other things Druk Air flight between Bagdora in India and Kathmandu.
“The government of India has given their approval to operate such a flight giving us fifth freedom rights. And we are hopeful that Nepali side will agree to this,” he further said.
Currently, Druk Air has Kathmandu-Thimphu flights four times a week.
Likewise, there has also been agreement to ink a trade agreement between Nepal and Bhutan.
According to the prime minister´s foreign relation advisor Tuladhar, Bhutan had sent a draft of trade treaty to Nepal some eight year ago. “The process to ink a trade treaty with Bhutan has been initiated since a few months back,” he said. “The two countries will soon ink a deal since there has already been an agreement in principle to this effect.”
Tuladhar said Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Supply have been given the responsibility to prepare draft of trade agreement with Bhutan.
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Bhutanese PM rules out third party involvement on refugee issue; Rizal presses for torture suit against ex-king Bhutanese Prime Minister Jigmi Y Thinley, who returned home after completing a three-day trip to Kathmandu Saturday, has ruled out involvement of a third party to resolve the refugee problem.
Organising a press meeting in Kathmandu on Saturday, Thinley said India has no role in this regard and that Nepal and Bhutan need to solve the long-standing refugee stalemate.
"Governments of Nepal and Bhutan are responsible in dealing with the refugee issue," he told reporters at Hotel Yak & Yeti.
He hinted that all refugees in the UN-administered camps are not Bhutanese citizens. He said Nepal and Bhutan should identify them properly through discussion.
In another context, PM Thinely said that his government would do nothing if more people from Bhutan decide to leave the country.
"If they want to leave the country, the government can't do anything to stop them," he argued.
Meanwhile, the Bhutanese PM told reporters that during his stay in Nepal he also held discussion on the bilateral issues with UCPN (Maoist) chairman Puspha Kamal Dahal. However, he didn't elaborate.
Bhutanese human rights leader Tek Nath Rizal has announced that discussion have begun with Bruce Fein& Associates Inc, the prestigious law firm of Washington DC, to initiate legal procedures against the former king of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuk, as torture suits.
Issuing a press statement on Saturday, Rizal said that the firm, on behalf of the Bhutanese diaspora outside Bhutan, will file these suits worth hundreds of millions of dollars under the US Torture Victims Protection (TVP) Act, as compensation to the damages caused to thousands of victims of torture who have been forced to live in exiles as refugees during the rule of the king and even at present.
"The TVP Act endows both aliens and United States citizens with legal claims against foreign officials and administrators responsible for torture or extra-judicial killings perpetrated under the banner of draconian legislations," Rizal said in his statement.
According to him, the United States of America is authorised to assert personal jurisdiction over foreign defendants because both torture and extra-judicial killings violate universal human rights laws and inflict injury on human civilization itself.
"The amount of damages in compensation that might be recovered in legal suits under the TVP Act against the former Bhutanese king would be close to one billion US dollars," added Rizal.
Rizal claimed that the former king Jigme Singye and his family have amassed wealth comprising cash and assets well in excess of that sum through the gross misuse of funds from state exchequer and other national revenues as well as development funds provided to the country under bilateral and multilateral agreements. nepalnews.com
Nepal News
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भारतको भूमिका भुल्न हुन्नः थिन्ले काठमाडौँ, वैशाख ३ गते । नेपाल भ्रमणमा रहनुभएका भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री जिग्मे वाई थिन्लेले पूर्वी नेपालमा रहेका भूटानी शरणार्थीको समस्या समाधानका लागि भारतको भूमिका भुल्न नहुने बताउनुभएको छ ।
"भारतको बाटो भएर भूटानीहरू नेपाल प्रवेश गरेकाले यो समस्याको समाधानका लागि भारतको महìवपूर्ण भूमिका हुनेबारे हामीले बिर्सनु हुँदैन । जसरी भूटानबाट आउँदा भारतको बाटो प्रयोग भएको छ, त्यसैगरी र्फकनलाई पनि भारतको बाटो अनिवार्य छ", शनिबार राजधानीमा आयोजित पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा सञ्चारकर्मीहरूसँग भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेले भन्नुभयो ।
सञ्चारकर्मीहरूको प्रश्नमा भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेले नेपालमा रहेका शरणार्थीहरू भारतको बाटो पार गरेर नेपाल प्रवेश गरेकाले यो समस्या समाधानका लागि नेपाल र भूटान भएर मात्र केही नहुने र भारतको बाटोका लागि उसको - भारत ) खाँचो हुनेमा जोड दिनुभयो ।
पूर्वी नेपालको झापा र मोरङका विभिन्न शिविरमा रहेका भूटानी शरणार्थीलाई स्वदेश फिर्ता पठाउने विषयमा नेपालले भूटानसँग दर्जनभन्दा बढी चरणमा उच्चस्तरीय तहमा वार्ता गरिसकेको छ । भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेको यसपटकको नेपाल भ्रमणका अवसरमा पनि नेपाली पक्षले यो विषयलाई गम्भीर ढङ्गले उठाएको छ ।
शनिबार बिहान भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेसँग भेट गर्नुभएका एकीकृत नेकपा माओवादीका अध्यक्ष पुष्पकमल दाहाल 'प्रचण्ड'ले प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेसँग भूटानी शरणार्थी समस्या समाधानका विषयमा गहन छलफल भएको बताउनुभएको छ । पूर्वप्रधानमन्त्रीसमेत रहनुभएका प्रचण्डका अनुसार शरणार्थी समस्या समाधानका लागि भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्ले सकारात्मक देखिनुभएको छ । नेपालमा रहेका केही भूटानी शरणार्थीलाई तेस्रो मुलुकमा पुनस्र्थापना गर्ने कार्यक्रम अन्तर्गत अमेरिकाले आफ्नो देशमा लगिसकेको छ । आफ्नै जन्मभूमि भूटान र्फकन चाहने भूटानी शरणार्थी हाल पनि पूर्वी नेपालको झापा र मोरङका विभिन्न शिविरमा बसिरहेका छन् ।
एक अर्काे प्रसङ्गमा भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेले नेपालमा जलविद्युत्को प्रशस्त सम्भावना हुँदा पनि अपेक्षाकृत विकास हुन नसकेकाले नेपालमा देखिएको विद्युत् सङ्कटले समग्र दक्षिण एसियाली मुलुकको विकासमा प्रभाव परेको बताउनुभयो । पछिल्ला नौ वर्षमा भूटानले थप १० हजार मेगावाट बिजुली उत्पादन गरिसक्ने योजना अगाडि बढाएको उल्लेख गर्दै भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेले भन्नुभयो, "हामीसँग कुल ३२ हजार मेगावाट उत्पादन गर्ने मात्र क्षमता छ, यद्यपि भूटान बिजुलीमा आत्मनिर्भर भएर भारतमा समेत निर्यात गरिरहेको छ । नेपालमा त कम्तीमा ८२ हजार मेगावाट बिजुली उत्पादन गर्नसक्ने क्षमता छ, यसको विकास गर्नु आवश्यक छ, नेपाल र नेपालीको समृद्धिका लागि ।"
सञ्चारकर्मीहरूको प्रश्नमा भूटानी प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेले घुमाउरो पारामा भन्नुभयो, "पूर्ण प्रजातान्त्रिक भूटानको कुरा सोचनीय विषय हो । यद्यपि हामी भन्छौँ, भूटानमा प्रजातन्त्र छ । जननिर्वाचित पार्लियामेन्ट छ । संसद्मा र सरकारका महìवपूर्ण मन्त्रालयमा नेपालीभाषीको सहभागिता रहेको छ ।"
यसपटकको नेपाल भ्रमणका क्रममा प्रधानमन्त्री झलनाथ खनालसहित सरकारी अधिकारी तथा प्रमुख राजनीतिक दलका नेताहरूसँगको भेटघाटले दुई देशबीचको सम्बन्धलाई अझ सुदृढ बनाएको उहाँले बताउनुभयो ।
एक अर्काे प्रसङ्गमा प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेले भन्नुभयो, "सङ्क्रमणकालबाट गुजि्ररहेको नेपालमा पछिल्ल्ाो विकसित राजनीतिक घटनाले निकै चुनौती थपिदिएको छ । भूटान नेपालको असल छिमेकी राष्ट्र भएकाले तोकिएको समयमा नयाँ संविधान निर्माण र शान्तिप्रक्रिया टुङ्गोमा पुग्न सक्छ वा सक्दैन भन्ने चिन्ता हुनु स्वाभाविक हो ।"
Gorkhapatra Editorial ..................................
शरणार्थीलाई स्वदेश र्फकने वातावरण होस् ! भुटानी शरणार्थी समस्या समाधान गर्न भुटान सहमत हुनु सुखद सङ्केत हो । दक्षिण एसियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग सङ्गठन-सार्क)को अध्यक्ष राष्ट्रका नाताले आउँदो नोभेम्बर महिनामा माल्दिभ्समा हुने सत्रौँ सार्क शिखर सम्मेलनका सन्दर्भमा छलफल गर्न नेपाल आउनुभएका भुटानी प्रधानमन्त्री जिग्मे वाई थिन्लेले प्रधानमन्त्री झलनाथ खनालसँग शुक्रबार भएको वार्तामा भुटानी शरणार्थी समस्या समाधान गर्न आफू तयार रहेको जनाउनुभएको हो । झन्डै दुई दसकअघि तेर्सिएको भुटानी शरणार्थी समस्या यत्तिका लामो अवधिसम्म नसुल्झनु निश्चय नै दुःखद पक्ष हो । समस्या समाधानका दिशामा नेपाल तथा भुटानबीच पटक-पटक असफल वार्ता भई गएको आठ वर्षयता कुनै पहल नबढ्नु खेदको विषय हो । शरणार्थी समस्या आफैमा निकै जटिल, संवेदनशील तथा चुनौतीपूर्ण रहेकामा विवाद छैन तर मानवतासँग सम्बन्धित यस्तो पक्षमा समेत सरोकारी पक्ष उदासीन रहनुलाई पक्कै सकारात्मक मान्न सकिँदैन । ढिलै भए पनि प्रधानमन्त्री थिन्लेबाट शरणार्थी समस्या अन्त्य गर्नेतिर आˆनो प्रतिबद्धता प्रकट गरिनुले निस्पट्ट अँध्यारोबीच प्रकाश झल्काएको छ । भुटानी शरणार्थी समस्या भाषा तथा जातिसँग मात्रै सम्बद्ध नरहेको यथार्थलाई गैरनेपालीभाषीसमेत शरणार्थी बनेको पाइनुले प्रष्ट्याएको छ । अतः शरणार्थी समस्या सुल्झाउने प्रयत्न गरिँदा मानव अधिकार, प्रजातन्त्र, स्वतन्त्रता जस्ता विश्वव्यापी नागरिक हक, अधिकारका पक्ष पनि अविस्मरणीय बन्नु अस्वाभाविक होइन । प्रजातान्त्रिक यात्राको अभ्यासमा लागेको भुटानका लागि यस्ता कुरा निःसन्देह अपाच्य नहुने आशा राख्नसकिन्छ । भुटानी शरणार्थी समस्या टुङ्ग्याउन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायले पनि विशेष चासो, चिन्ता र सक्रियता देखाउँदै आएको सर्वविदितै छ । संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घीय सहयोगको सन्दर्भ त आˆनो ठाउँमा छँदैछ, बेलायत, नर्वे, जर्मनी, क्यानाडा, डेनमार्क तथा संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले पुनर्वासका कार्यक्रम ल्याएर सघाएका छन् । करिब एकलाख भुटानी शरणार्थीमध्ये करिब ४० हजार विभिन्न मुलुकमा पुगिसकेका छन् भने थप ३० हजार जना तेस्रो मुलुकमा पुनर्वासका लागि जाने तयारीमा छन् ।
पुनर्वासको कार्यक्रममा जान नचाहने झन्डै ४० हजार शरणार्थीको चाहना केवल आˆनो मुलुक फिर्तीको छ । यसरी आˆनो राष्ट्रप्रति मरिमेट्ने नागरिक पाउनु भुटानको गौरवको कुरो भएकामा बिरलै विमति होला । तेस्रो मुलुकमा पुनर्वासमा गएकाका हकमा पनि यो दीर्घकालिक समाधानको उपाय भने होइन । तिनले आˆनै मातृभूमिमा र्फकनचाहे जुनसुकै बेला निःसर्त जाने अवस्था कायम हुनु जरुरी छ । मानव अधिकार, नागरिक अधिकारको परिप्रेक्ष्यमा यस्तो मान्यता अपरिहार्य छ । स्मरणीय पक्ष नेपाल तथा भुटान दुई पक्षबीचको मात्रै वार्ताले अर्थपूर्ण निस्कर्ष निक्लँदो हो त यत्तिका वर्ष संवादहीनताको अवस्थै आउँदैनथ्यो । तसर्थ यो द्विपक्षीय समस्या नभई क्षेत्रीय समस्या भएकाले क्षेत्रीय तहबाटै यसको समाधान खोजिनुपर्ने जिकिर भुटानी शरणार्थी नेताको पाइन्छ । भुटानी शरणार्थी समस्याको नजिकको सम्बन्ध भारतसँग छ । भारत पुगेका शरणार्थीलाई जबर्जस्ती नेपाल पठाइएकाले नै नेपाल अर्को पक्ष बन्नपुगेको हो । यसर्थ शरणार्थी समस्याको सरल, सहज उपाय निकाल्न सघाउनु प्रजातान्त्रिक मुलुक भारतको पनि दायित्व हो । भारतलाई मध्यस्थकर्ता बनाएर हुन्छ अथवा क्षेत्रीय स्तरमा यसबारे व्यापक बहस गराएर हुन्छ कि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायबीच लगेर हुन्छ, जे जस्ता सक्रियता अघि बढाएर सम्भव हुन्छ, भुटानी नागरिकलाई सरल, सहज तबरबाट आˆनो देश र्फकने वातावरण अहिलेको परम आवश्यकताको पक्ष बनेको छ ।
Gorkhapatra editoriL
